When a baby has gastro-oesophageal reflux, the milk travels down the foodpipe as normal. However, some of the mixture of milk and acid travels back up the foodpipe, instead of passing through to the large and small intestines. As the milk is mixed with acid from the stomach, it can irritate the lining of the foodpipe, making it sore. This is gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
More info here:https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/gastro-oesophageal-reflux/
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